Pancreatitis is a long-term and complex disease of the pancreas with multifactorial causes. One of them: a sharp violation of the norms of consumption of fatty foods, overeating, alcohol addiction. Adherence to special dietary rules for pancreatitis is half the success of treatment.
The diet for pancreatitis is designed to replace and supplement the menu with those substances that are poorly processed due to lack of pancreatic enzymes.
Some patients feel that dietary therapy for pancreatitis is no different from diet 5a and continue to follow its recommendations. This is understandable, as most people initially receive long-term treatment for cholecystitis, gallstone disease, or hepatitis. They are well acquainted with Tables 5a and 5, which establish the necessary dietary standards for these diseases.
But if pancreatitis is found, diet 5a will have to be changed. The changes that occur when the pancreas is damaged require adjustment of the content of proteins, fats and carbohydrates. The diet for patients with pancreatitis is called "5p". It has an increased protein content of up to 150 g (in No. 5 100-120 g), a reduced amount of fat (in No. 5 at least 70 g) and carbohydrates (in No. 5 at least 300 g). The rules for cooking and limiting the choice of food remain general.
Basic requirements for dietary nutrition
The proposed rules for diet 5p do not exclude the use of concomitant diseases of the digestive system. They are important for creating maximum unloading of the pancreas.
- Cook food only boiled, stewed, baked or steamed. The method of frying is completely forbidden.
- Observe the sparing of the damaged organ by grinding all the vessels during the most acute stage of the disease.
- Moderate temperature required (no sharp fluctuations from cold to hot).
- It is necessary to feed the patient with small amounts of food, but every 3-4 hours.
- Avoid copious single meals, overeating even with dietary meals.
- Maintain a daily caloric intake of at least 3000 kcal.
The recommended dietary tables according to Povzner take into account the options for periods of exacerbation and then when the pain is gone, but maintaining and continuing proper nutrition in pancreatitis is very important.
5p diet option for exacerbation of pancreatitis
The clinical manifestations of acute and chronic pancreatitis in the acute stage (acute pain, vomiting, nausea, diarrhea) do not allow the patient to eat in the usual way. The treatment regimen requires complete fasting for two to four days. You can't even drink; in the first days the liquid is administered intravenously.
After stopping vomiting and pain, an initial 5p diet is prescribed. Its purpose is to reduce the formation of stomach acid and allow the pancreas to concentrate all its efforts on the process of fighting for survival.
The diet can be used for no longer than two weeks, as it is not balanced in composition (proteins are reduced to 60 g, fat to 50 g, carbohydrates to 200-280 g, with a total caloric content of 1800 kcal). Of course, bed rest and lack of physical activity are recommended.
The diet menu of a patient with pancreatitis consists of puree of slimy cereal soups, liquid cereals of water (semolina and rice are excluded), vegetable puree or carrots with the addition of zucchini, boiled pumpkin (cabbage of all kinds)are excluded), jelly, jelly, puddings, a few white biscuits. Everything is served and cooked without butter. You can drink up to 2 liters of water, rosehip broth, slightly sweet weak tea. After this option, on the advice of a doctor, they switch to the second type of food.
Diet without exacerbation of pancreatitis
The onset of an effective recovery process is judged by normalizing the temperature, reducing the incidence of diarrhea and eliminating pain. The diet for pancreatitis is expanded, but the maximum norms of proteins, fats and carbohydrates are observed. It is necessary to include a set of vitamins in the current therapeutic diet to activate the body's defenses. The patient will have to adhere to this diet throughout his life.
The diet for pancreatitis strictly forbids:
- fatty meat, fish and rich vegetarian (with cabbage or mushrooms) soups;
- fatty meats of beef and pork, duck;
- lard and cooking oil;
- smoked meats, hot snacks, sauces, canned food in any form, sausages;
- rich pastries, culinary creams, chocolate, pies, black bread;
- of vegetables, the diet in pancreatitis does not recommend radishes, cabbage, turnips, sorrel, spinach;
- carbonated drinks, beer, alcohol, coffee.
Recommended products and dishes:
- dry white bread or biscuits, dry biscuits;
- steamed dishes, oven-baked, lean meat and poultry, meatballs, meatballs and meat pots;
- cereal soups, with noodles, you can season with sour cream;
- non-sour cottage cheese, hard cheese varieties;
- oil or vegetable oil should be added directly to the plate, no more than a tablespoon per day;
- semi-liquid porridge boiled in water or diluted milk; unsweetened baked apples, jelly or fruit compote;
- lightly brewed tea with milk or rose hips in broth, slightly sweetened.
The diet in pancreatitis in remission recommends the following sample menu for a working person for the day:
- Breakfast before work - you can make an omelet from steamed protein from two eggs or half a serving of oatmeal in milk, tea with milk.
- Breakfast №2 (at noon) - take boiled meat with mashed potatoes or vegetables, half a packet of cottage cheese, if during operation it is possible to heat it in the microwave, be sure to use it.
- Slightly sweet tea.
- Lunch (at home after work) - vegetarian potato soup half a plate, steamed meatballs with vegetable puree, apple jelly on xylitol.
- Dinner - a piece of boiled chicken, casserole with cottage cheese, tea with milk.
- At night (no later than 21 hours) fruit jelly on xylitol.
It is possible to take unpolished vegetables and fruits, as well as to expand the diet only with the consent of a doctor, after an examination to ensure that the enzyme activity of the pancreas is restored and that there is no inflammation.